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Svetlana Velmar-Janković
The notion of a sovereign state arises in the 16th century with the development of modern diplomacy. For earlier times, the term "sovereign state" is an anachronism. What corresponded to sovereign states in the medieval and ancient period were monarchs ruling By the Grace of God, de facto feudal or imperial autocrats, or de facto independent nations or tribal confederations.
Sovereign states
A
Aach - Lordship of Aach
Aachen - Free Imperial City of Aachen
Aalen - Free Imperial City of Aalen
Aceh - Sultanate of Aceh (from 1496)
Adal - Adal Sultanate- Alodia - Kingdom of Alodia
- Alsace - Duchy of Alsace
Andorra - Principality of Andorra
Anhalt - Principality of Anhalt- Annam - Kingdom of Annam
Ansbach - Margraviate of Ansbach- Aq Koyunlu Aq Qoyunlu (White Sheep Turkomans)
Aragon - Kingdom of Aragon- Arakan - Kingdom of Arakan
Armagnac - County of Armagnac
Ashanti - Kingdom of Ashanti- Assam - Kingdom of Assam
Astrakhan - Khanate of Astrakhan
Austria - Archduchy of Austria
Auvergne - County of Auvergne
Ayutthaya - Ayutthaya Kingdom- Aztecs - Aztec Empire
B
Baden - Margraviate of Baden- Bali - Sultanate of Bali
Bavaria - Duchy of Bavaria- Bengal - Sultanate of Bengal
Benin - Benin Empire
Bohemia - Kingdom of Bohemia
Bourbonnais - Duchy of Bourbonnais
Brandenburg - March/Margraviate of Brandenburg
Bremen - Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
Brittany - Duchy of Brittany
Brunei - Sultanate of Brunei
Brunswick-Lüneburg - Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
C
Castille - Crown of Castille
Catalonia - Principality of Catalonia- Ceylon - Kotte Kingdom
- Chagatai Khanate - Chagatai Khanate
- Champa - Kingdom of Champa
- Cherokee - Cherokee Tribe
- China - Empire of the Great Ming
Cleves - Duchy of Cleves
Cologne - Electorate of Cologne
Connacht - Kingdom of Connacht
Cospaia - Republic of Cospaia- Creek - Creek Tribe
Crimea - Crimean Khanate
D
- Đại Việt - Kingdom of Đại Việt
- Deccan - Kingdom of Deccan
- Delhi - Sultanate of Delhi
Denmark - Kingdom of Denmark
E
F
G
Gelre - Duchy of Gelre
Georgia - Kingdom of Georgia
Republic of Genoa - The Most Serene Republic of Genoa- Golden Horde - Golden Horde Khanate
- Gondwana - Kingdom of Gondwana
- Gujarat - Sultanate of Gujarat
H
- Haasa - The Sheikdom of al-Haasa
Hamburg - Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg- Hausa - Hausa Kingdoms
- Hejaz - Sultanate of Hejaz
Hesse - Landgraviate of Hesse
Hungary - Kingdom of Hungary- Huron - Huron Tribe
I
J
K
- Kanem Bornu - Bornu Empire
- Kartli - Kingdom of Kartli
- Kashmir - Sultanate of Kashmir
- Kazakh Khanate - Kazakh Khanate
Kazan - Kazan Khanate- Khandesh - Kingdom of Khandesh
- Khmer - Khmer Empire
Knights Hospitaller - Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, Knights of Malta, Knights of Rhodes, and Chevaliers of Malta
Kongo - Kingdom of Kongo
Korea - Kingdom of Joseon
L
- Lan Na - Kingdom of Lan Na
- Lan Xang - Kingdom of Lan Xang
Leinster - Kingdom of Leinster
Liège - Prince-Bishopric of Liège
Lithuania - Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Lorraine - Duchy of Lorraine
M
Mainz - Archbishopric of Mainz- Makassar - Sultanate of Makassar
- Malacca - Sultanate of Malacca
Maldives - Sultanate of Maldives- Mali - Mali Empire
- Malwa - Malwa Sultanate
Mamluk - Mamluk Sultanate- Manchu - Manchu People
- Manipur - Kingdom of Manipur
Mantua - Duchy of Mantua- Maya - Maya Empire
Mazovia - Duchy of Mazovia
Mecklenburg - Duchy of Mecklenburg
Milan - Duchy of Milan
Modena - Duchy of Modena and Reggio
Moldavia - Principality of Moldavia
Monaco - Principality of Monaco- Mongol Khanate - Khanate of Mongol
Morocco - Sultanate of Morocco
Moscow - Grand Duchy of Moscow- Mrauk U - Kingdom of Mrauk U
Munster - Kingdom of Munster
Münster - Prince-Bishopric of Münster- Mutapa - Kingdom of Mutapa
Mysore - Kingdom of Mysore
N
Najd - Sultanate of Najd
Naples - Kingdom of Naples
Navarra - Kingdom of Navarra
Naxos - Duchy of the Naxos- Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
- Nogai - Nogai Horde
Norway - Kingdom of Norway
O
- Oirats - Oirat Horde
Oldenburg - County of Oldenburg
Oman - Sultanate of Oman- Orissa - Kingdom of Orissa
Orléans - Duchy of Orléans
Ottoman Empire - Sublime Ottoman State- Oyo - Oyo Empire
P
Electorate of the Palatinate - Palatinate of the Rhine
Papal States - States of the Church- Pegu - Kingdom of Pegu
- Pisa - Republic of Pisa
- Poland - Kingdom of Poland
Pomerania - Duchy of Pomerania
Portugal - Kingdom of Portugal
Pskov - Pskov Republic
Q
- Qasim - Qasim Khanate
R
Ragusa - Republic of Ragusa- Rājputāna - Kingdom of Rājputāna
Riga - Archbishopric of Riga
Ryukyu - Kingdom of Ryukyu
S
- Saaremaa - Bishopric of Saaremaa-Wiek
Salzburg - Archbishopric of Salzburg
San Marino - Most Serene Republic of San Marino
County of Santa Fiora
Savoy - Duchy of Savoy
Scotland - Kingdom of Scotland- Shawnee - Shawnee Tribe
- Sibir - Khanate of Sibir
Sicily - Kingdom of Sicily
Siena - Republic of Siena
Silesia - Duchy of Silesia- Sindh - Kingdom of Sindh
- Songhai - Songhai Empire
- Sukhothai - Kingdom of Sukhothai
Sulu - Sultanate of Sulu- Swahili - Swahili Tribe
Sweden - Kingdom of Sweden
Switzerland - Swiss Confederacy
T
- Tartu - Bishopric of Tartu
- Taungu - Kingdom of Taungu
Teutonic Knights - Teutonic Order
Thuringia - Duchy of Thuringia- Tibet - Tibetan Empire
Timurid - Timurid Empire
Transylvania - Principality of Transylvania
Travancore - Kingdom of Travancore
Trier - Archbishopric of Trier- Tripoli - Sultanate of Tripoli
- Tunisia - Kingdom of Tunisia
- Tuscany - Republic of Tuscany
Tír Eoghain - Kingdom of Tyrone
U
V
Venice - Most Serene Republic of Venice- Vijayanagara - Vijayanagara Empire
W
Wallachia - Principality of Wallachia
Württemberg - Duchy of Württemberg
Würzburg - Bishopric of Würzburg
Y
Yemen - Kingdom of Yemen
