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Mikhail Gorbachev
An alcalde-presidente is an alcalde (Spanish for municipal mayor) who also functions as president(e) of a higher administrative level.
Cases include:
- colonial San Juan on Puerto Rico, 1879–1902; the last one succeeded himself as first 'normal' alcalde
- in Spain:
- Mayor-President of Ceuta, the head of government of Ceuta, an autonomous city
- Mayor-President of Melilla, the head of government of Melilla, autonomous city
As Singapore is a city-state, its president can be thought of a mayor who also functions as a president of a higher (in this case, the highest) administrative level; however, the President of Singapore, though not entirely ceremonial, is not the city-state's chief executive. The prime minister is.