Jesse Ventura

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A territory scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher. The various Indian states and union territories have significant variations in HDI.^[1]

As per United Nations Development Programme, India had a HDI of 0.434 in 1990, which steadily increased and reached 0.490 in 2000, and 0.572 in 2010.^[2] As per the latest report, the HDI climbed to 0.685 in 2023 from 0.676 in 2022, which placed India in the medium category and ranked it 130th out of 193 countries.^[3]

HDI (UNDP method)

The following values are estimates from 2023 calculated by United Nations Development Programme,^[4] According to the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) 2025 Human Development Report, India's Human Development Index (HDI) value increased to 0.685 in 2023, up from 0.676 in 2022. This improvement places India in the medium human development category and ranks it 130th out of 193 countries.

0.800+

0.750-0.800

0.700 to 0.749

0.650 to 0.699

0.649 to 0.600

Rank	State/Union Territory	HDI (2023)^[5]
Very High Human Development
1	Goa	0.806
High Human Development
2	Kerala	0.799
2	Chandigarh	0.799
4	Puducherry	0.780
5	Delhi	0.779
6	Sikkim	0.762
6	Lakshadweep	0.762
8	Jammu and Kashmir	0.761
9	Himachal Pradesh	0.759
10	Mizoram	0.755
11	Andaman and Nicobar islands	0.750
12	Punjab	0.740
13	Haryana	0.736
	Maharashtra
	Tamil Nadu
16	Arunachal Pradesh	0.732
16	Manipur	0.732
18	Nagaland	0.729
19	Uttrakhand	0.723
20	Karnataka	0.715
Medium Human Development
21	Telangana	0.699
22	Meghalaya	0.690
23	Rajasthan	0.688
24	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	0.687
–	India (average)	0.685 ^[4]
25	Andhra Pradesh	0.683
26	Gujarat	0.682
27	West Bengal	0.672
28	Chhattisgarh	0.667
29	Tripura	0.660
30	Assam	0.653
31	Uttar Pradesh	0.652
	Madhya Pradesh
	Odisha
34	Jharkhand	0.637
35	Bihar	0.616

^[4]

HDI (NSC Method)

The list is based on MoSPI's report.^[6]

Rank	State/Union Territory	HDI (2017-18)
1	Delhi	0.839
2	Chandigarh	0.827
3	Goa	0.806
4	Kerala	0.775
5	Sikkim	0.764
6	Himachal Pradesh	0.761
7	Uttarakhand	0.758
8	Puducherry	0.752
9	Maharashtra	0.750
10	Mizoram	0.747
11	Punjab	0.738
12	Tamil Nadu	0.738
13	Haryana	0.724
14	Andaman and Nicobar islands	0.707
15	Karnataka	0.706
16	Telangana	0.705
17	Meghalaya	0.704
18	Gujarat	0.698
19	Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	NA
20	Lakshadweep	0.787
21	Manipur	0.686
22	Arunachal Pradesh	0.684
23	Nagaland	0.678
24	West Bengal	0.674
–	India (average)	0.672
25	Tripura	0.667
26	Jammu and Kashmir	0.663
27	Assam	0.651
28	Chattisgarh	0.649
29	Andhra Pradesh	0.648
30	Rajasthan	0.638
31	Odisha	0.616
32	Uttar Pradesh	0.616
33	Madhya Pradesh	0.616
34	Jharkhand	0.592
35	Bihar	0.551

Trends by UNDP reports

Human Development Index (by UN Method) of Indian states since 1990 (2022 revision).^[7]

State	HDI
State	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020
Northern India
Chandigarh	0.636	0.632	0.628	0.655	0.639	0.725	0.745
Delhi	0.584	0.614	0.656	0.683	0.699	0.722	0.728
Haryana	0.471	0.501	0.542	0.584	0.625	0.678	0.689
Himachal Pradesh	0.485	0.525	0.583	0.638	0.658	0.696	0.709
Jammu and Kashmir	0.499	0.507	0.522	0.581	0.633	0.667	0.712
Punjab	0.502	0.532	0.572	0.608	0.648	0.695	0.692
Uttar Pradesh	0.398	0.423	0.455	0.496	0.526	0.568	0.603
Uttarakhand	0.627	0.626	0.620	0.647	0.631	0.655	0.675
Western India
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.672	0.673	0.672	0.699	0.685	0.655	0.618
Daman and Diu	0.651	0.652	0.654	0.679	0.666	0.682	0.668
Goa	0.558	0.577	0.608	0.665	0.728	0.746	0.754
Gujarat	0.474	0.492	0.520	0.566	0.597	0.643	0.640
Maharashtra	0.498	0.521	0.551	0.596	0.636	0.672	0.689
Rajasthan	0.406	0.431	0.462	0.503	0.539	0.598	0.645
Eastern India
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	0.686	0.685	0.684	0.712	0.697	0.714	0.719
West Bengal	0.443	0.468	0.499	0.532	0.564	0.613	0.628
Bihar	0.380	0.402	0.429	0.463	0.506	0.551	0.570
Jharkhand	0.563	0.559	0.554	0.579	0.564	0.577	0.593
Odisha	0.403	0.423	0.451	0.487	0.527	0.578	0.603
Northeastern India
Assam	0.413	0.442	0.481	0.524	0.557	0.590	0.608
Arunachal Pradesh	0.442	0.467	0.496	0.528	0.632	0.655	0.675
Manipur	0.500	0.522	0.552	0.591	0.672	0.686	0.676
Meghalaya	0.461	0.465	0.470	0.526	0.611	0.641	0.643
Mizoram	0.532	0.543	0.563	0.624	0.676	0.689	0.703
Nagaland	0.539	0.530	0.516	0.550	0.651	0.671	0.672
Sikkim	0.546	0.542	0.542	0.585	0.625	0.684	0.705
Tripura	0.450	0.483	0.524	0.555	0.599	0.636	0.617
Southern India
Andhra Pradesh	0.428	0.446	0.472	0.524	0.571	0.623	0.635
Karnataka	0.448	0.474	0.511	0.559	0.597	0.652	0.667
Kerala	0.551	0.565	0.592	0.672	0.706	0.750	0.751
Lakshadweep	0.695	0.694	0.694	0.721	0.707	0.723	0.713
Puducherry	0.711	0.719	0.719	0.748	0.732	0.722	0.735
Tamil Nadu	0.476	0.500	0.536	0.593	0.638	0.662	0.685
Telangana	0.624	0.621	0.617	0.643	0.628	0.644	0.653
Central India
Chhattisgarh	0.563	0.559	0.553	0.578	0.563	0.586	0.618
Madhya Pradesh	0.408	0.427	0.452	0.493	0.528	0.577	0.605
India	0.434	0.458	0.490	0.532	0.572	0.619	0.638

Trends by Indian National Development Reports

Compared with the previous Indian National Human Development Reports and the latest state-level government statistical report, India has significantly improved its HDI in all of its administrative subdivisions:

Legend
Very High/High Human Development Index 0.850–0.899 0.800–0.849 0.750–0.799 0.700–0.749	Medium human development index 0.650–0.699 0.600–0.649 0.550–0.599 0.500–0.549	Low human development index 0.450–0.499 0.400–0.449 0.350–0.399 0.300–0.349 0.250–0.299 ≤0.250	Lack of information

This is a list of Indian states by their respective Human Development Index (HDI), as of 2008.^[9] Kerala stands first in Human Development Index among the states in India.

1981 to 2011 Human development index in India
National Human Development Report 1981
(1981 data)
National Human Development Report 1991
(1991 data)
National Human Development Report 2001
(2001 data)
National Human Development Report 2011
(2007–2008 data)

Consumption-based HDI

There are many ways to calculate HDI, and its calculation is sensitive to base data and assumptions. Using another approach, UNDP India and Government of India calculated the HDI nationwide average to be 0.605 in 2006.^[10] This data was published by the Indian Government.^[9] Note that the 2007-2008 HDI values in the table below is not based on income as is the UNDP standard practice for global comparisons, but on estimated consumption expenditure – an assumption which underestimates the HDI compared to the actual value.^[11] Further, data was unavailable for the following union territories: Chandigarh, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Daman and Diu, Puducherry, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.^[12]^[13]

Consumption-based HDI^[14] (2007–08) Indian states only
Rank	State/Union Territory	HDI
1	Kerala	0.810
2	Delhi	0.750
3	Himachal Pradesh	0.652
4	Goa	0.617
5	Punjab	0.605
6	Northeast India	0.573
7	Maharashtra	0.572
8	Tamil Nadu	0.570
9	Haryana	0.552
10	Jammu and Kashmir	0.542
11	Gujarat	0.527
12	Karnataka	0.519
–	National average	0.513
13	West Bengal	0.492
14	Uttarakhand	0.490
15	Andhra Pradesh	0.473
17	Rajasthan	0.434
18	Uttar Pradesh	0.380
19	Jharkhand	0.376
20	Madhya Pradesh	0.375
21	Bihar	0.367
22	Odisha	0.362
23	Chhattisgarh	0.358

HDI indicators

Demographics (2022)^[15]
State or territory	Subnational HDI	Health index	Educational index	Income index	Life expectancy			Expected years schooling			Mean years schooling			Log Gross National Income per capita
State or territory	Subnational HDI	Health index	Educational index	Income index	Total	Female	Male	Total	Female	Male	Total	Female	Male	Total	Female	Male
India	0.644	0.735	0.569	0.641	67.74	69.38	66.26	12.58	12.61	12.56	6.571	5.529	7.626	8.847	7.992	9.278
Andaman and Nicobar	0.706	0.789	0.624	0.714	71.26	73.62	69.57	13.12	13.49	12.74	7.800	7.451	8.136	9.344	8.433	9.789
Andhra Pradesh	0.642	0.741	0.534	0.668	68.19	69.93	66.88	12.66	12.71	12.63	5.476	4.542	6.457	9.027	8.155	9.467
Arunachal Pradesh	0.683	0.795	0.595	0.674	71.65	74.08	69.93	13.99	14.06	13.94	6.178	5.411	6.916	9.064	8.189	9.506
Assam	0.615	0.745	0.546	0.571	68.42	70.20	66.90	12.03	12.35	11.74	6.364	5.852	6.856	8.387	7.577	8.796
Bihar	0.577	0.702	0.497	0.551	65.65	66.83	64.24	12.16	12.00	12.47	4.783	3.339	6.357	8.253	7.456	8.655
Chandigarh	0.751	0.773	0.721	0.759	70.27	72.44	68.65	13.72	13.92	13.58	10.19	9.867	10.50	9.633	8.703	10.10
Chhattisgarh	0.625	0.725	0.546	0.617	67.13	68.64	65.67	12.56	12.99	12.14	5.899	4.681	7.096	8.688	7.879	9.111
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	0.624	0.751	0.521	0.621	68.80	70.66	67.26	11.01	11.55	10.61	6.467	4.971	7.626	8.718	7.876	9.143
Daman and Diu	0.674	0.788	0.568	0.683	71.24	73.60	69.56	11.23	11.67	10.85	7.686	6.668	8.545	9.125	8.244	9.570
Delhi	0.734	0.760	0.702	0.742	69.40	71.39	67.83	14.10	14.61	13.61	9.308	8.589	9.955	9.518	8.598	9.981
Goa	0.760	0.808	0.714	0.761	72.51	75.11	70.73	14.28	14.44	14.14	9.525	9.223	9.915	9.643	8.712	10.11
Gujarat	0.646	0.745	0.534	0.678	68.44	70.23	66.92	11.26	10.95	11.46	6.643	5.519	7.726	9.092	8.214	9.535
Haryana	0.696	0.739	0.631	0.721	68.03	69.73	66.53	13.67	13.85	13.46	7.542	6.302	8.715	9.381	8.475	9.838
Himachal Pradesh	0.715	0.765	0.667	0.717	69.73	71.78	68.14	14.07	14.61	13.52	8.296	7.494	9.195	9.355	8.451	9.811
Jammu and Kashmir	0.720	0.796	0.664	0.705	71.75	74.20	70.03	15.09	15.23	14.93	7.356	6.109	8.475	9.270	8.374	9.721
Jharkhand	0.600	0.721	0.529	0.565	66.84	68.28	65.39	12.48	12.57	12.43	5.486	4.080	6.946	8.346	7.540	8.752
Karnataka	0.673	0.767	0.585	0.681	69.88	71.96	68.28	12.88	13.03	12.73	6.808	5.905	7.736	9.112	8.232	9.556
Kerala	0.758	0.822	0.732	0.724	73.43	76.20	71.58	15.05	15.59	14.52	9.422	9.620	9.305	9.400	8.493	9.858
Lakshadweep	0.719	0.767	0.666	0.726	69.88	72.15	68.17	13.59	14.09	13.17	8.668	8.321	9.205	9.413	8.504	9.871
Madhya Pradesh	0.611	0.715	0.525	0.608	66.46	67.83	65.03	11.98	11.86	12.07	5.765	4.477	6.966	8.629	7.796	9.050
Maharashtra	0.695	0.771	0.637	0.684	70.12	72.26	68.51	13.51	13.41	13.54	7.862	6.893	8.815	9.132	8.250	9.577
Manipur	0.683	0.769	0.674	0.614	69.96	72.06	68.36	13.94	13.92	13.96	8.616	7.870	9.445	8.671	7.834	9.094
Meghalaya	0.650	0.744	0.590	0.624	68.34	70.10	66.82	13.42	14.13	12.74	6.529	6.571	6.536	8.737	7.893	9.162
Mizoram	0.709	0.766	0.653	0.713	69.82	71.89	68.23	13.39	13.42	13.30	8.441	8.267	8.655	9.327	8.426	9.781
Nagaland	0.679	0.765	0.632	0.647	69.75	71.81	68.16	13.45	13.87	13.05	7.738	7.387	8.086	8.888	8.030	9.321
Odisha	0.610	0.731	0.520	0.595	67.54	69.14	66.06	11.73	11.71	11.79	5.837	4.896	6.816	8.544	7.719	8.960
Puducherry	0.741	0.815	0.682	0.733	73.00	75.69	71.18	13.77	14.45	13.11	8.988	8.332	9.825	9.456	8.542	9.916
Punjab	0.698	0.748	0.616	0.738	68.60	70.42	67.07	13.07	13.66	12.53	7.573	7.215	7.936	9.489	8.573	9.952
Rajasthan	0.652	0.740	0.561	0.668	68.10	69.82	66.60	13.38	13.18	13.59	5.693	3.951	7.396	9.027	8.196	9.467
Sikkim	0.712	0.786	0.664	0.692	71.10	73.42	69.42	14.72	15.17	14.24	7.655	7.387	7.916	9.183	8.297	9.631
Tamil Nadu	0.692	0.778	0.626	0.679	70.54	72.76	68.90	13.43	13.87	13.00	7.593	7.000	8.286	9.102	8.233	9.545
Telangana	0.660	0.759	0.560	0.676	69.31	71.28	67.74	13.22	13.35	13.08	5.796	4.606	7.066	9.077	8.201	9.519
Tripura	0.624	0.722	0.566	0.594	66.94	68.41	65.49	12.54	12.34	12.84	6.519	5.927	7.116	8.538	7.713	8.954
Uttar Pradesh	0.609	0.699	0.540	0.599	65.46	66.60	64.05	11.89	11.73	12.06	6.302	4.896	7.716	8.571	7.743	8.989
Uttarakhand	0.681	0.734	0.627	0.686	67.72	69.36	66.24	13.24	13.56	12.94	7.769	6.614	8.965	9.148	8.265	9.594
West Bengal	0.635	0.765	0.551	0.606	69.70	71.75	68.12	12.47	12.95	12.02	6.147	5.465	6.836	8.619	7.787	9.039

References

^ "Subnational HDI". Global Data Lab, United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
^ "Subnational HDI - historical trend". Global Data Lab, United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
^ "India's human development continues to make progress, ranks 130 out of 193 countries". United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 15 May 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
^ ^a ^b ^c "India's human development continues to make progress, ranks 130 out of 193 countries". United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Retrieved 14 May 2025.
^ "India's human development continues to make progress, ranks 130 out of 193 countries". UNDP. Archived from the original on 26 May 2025. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
^ "Report on Gendering Human Development" (PDF). Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). Government of India. 2018. p. 52. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
^ "Subnational HDI - Subnational HDI - Table - Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
^ "Gendering Human Development Indices" (PDF). Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India with UNDP India. March 2009.
^ ^a ^b "India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion)" (PDF). IAMR, Planning Commission, Government of India. p. 257. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
^ Gendering Human Development Indices Archived 1 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Govt of India with UNDP India (2009)
^ "India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion)" (PDF). IAMR, Planning Commission, Government of India. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
^ "Meghalaya Human Development Report 2008" (PDF). p. 23.
^ "General Reports: Planning Commission, Government of India". planningcommission.nic.in. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
^ "India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion) – Summary" (PDF). IAMR, Planning Commission, Government of India. p. 2. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
^ "Custom set of indicators (2022) – Subnational HDI". Global Data Lab, UNDP. Retrieved 1 June 2025.

[UNDP-1] "Subnational HDI". Global Data Lab, United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 1 May 2025.

[UNDP2-2] "Subnational HDI - historical trend". Global Data Lab, United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 1 May 2025.

[3] "India's human development continues to make progress, ranks 130 out of 193 countries". United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 15 May 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2025.

[undp.org-4] "India's human development continues to make progress, ranks 130 out of 193 countries". United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Retrieved 14 May 2025.

[5] "India's human development continues to make progress, ranks 130 out of 193 countries". UNDP. Archived from the original on 26 May 2025. Retrieved 7 June 2025.

[MoSPI2018-6] "Report on Gendering Human Development" (PDF). Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). Government of India. 2018. p. 52. Retrieved 30 May 2025.

[7] "Subnational HDI - Subnational HDI - Table - Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 30 May 2025.

[8] "Gendering Human Development Indices" (PDF). Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India with UNDP India. March 2009.

[report2011-9] "India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion)" (PDF). IAMR, Planning Commission, Government of India. p. 257. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2014.

[undp2009-10] Gendering Human Development Indices Archived 1 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Govt of India with UNDP India (2009)

[11] "India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion)" (PDF). IAMR, Planning Commission, Government of India. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2014.

[12] "Meghalaya Human Development Report 2008" (PDF). p. 23.

[13] "General Reports: Planning Commission, Government of India". planningcommission.nic.in. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.

[report2011a-14] "India Human Development Report 2011 (Towards Social Inclusion) – Summary" (PDF). IAMR, Planning Commission, Government of India. p. 2. Retrieved 27 October 2014.

[15] "Custom set of indicators (2022) – Subnational HDI". Global Data Lab, UNDP. Retrieved 1 June 2025.

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Lists of subnational entities by Human Development Index rankings
Africa	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, D.R. Congo, Republic Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Asia	Afghanistan Armenia ASEAN Azerbaijan Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China Georgia India Tamil Nadu Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Palestine Philippines Saudi Arabia South Korea Syria Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
Europe	Albania Austria Baltic States Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Kosovo Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Norway North Macedonia Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom
North America	Antigua and Barbuda Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Trinidad and Tobago United States
South America	Argentina Brazil Amazonas Mato Grosso São Paulo Bolivia Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela
Oceania	Australia Fiji New Zealand Papua New Guinea Vanuatu
World	All UN first-level administrative divisions Highest and lowest HDI
List of countries by Human Development Index

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