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      AUTHORPÆDIA is hosted by Authorpædia Foundation, Inc. a U.S. non-profit organization.

    Jesse Ventura

    This article includes inline links to audio files. If you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help.

    The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Icelandic language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters. This key is allophonic which means that it encodes main allophones of the distinctive sounds.

    See Icelandic phonology and Icelandic orthography § Spelling-to-sound correspondence for a more thorough look at the sounds of Icelandic.

    Consonants
    IPA Examples English approximation
    c getaⓘ, Gjögurⓘ skew
    cʰ kær, kjör cute
    cː baggi, seggja American backgammon
    ç hjá hue
    ð góðurⓘ weather
    f fóturⓘ, skipta[a] foot
    fː kaffi off-field
    ɣ flugaⓘ[a] Spanish trigo
    h hafiðⓘ hound
    hc ekki skew (with an h sound before it)
    hk drekkaⓘ sky (with an h sound before it)
    hp stoppaⓘ spy (with an h sound before it)
    ht nóttⓘ sty (with an h sound before it)
    j jú, lagi, segja[a], égⓘ yes
    k glápaⓘ[a], strákurⓘ[b] sky
    kʰ Katlaⓘ kite
    kː hryggur stockgirl
    l loknⓘ leap
    l̥ hljóð...ⓘ, stelpaⓘ[b], sólⓘ[c] same as above but voiceless,
    like     hl
    lː bollaⓘ, ulla Italian bella
    m myllaⓘ, hefndⓘ moon
    m̥ lampi[b], nefntⓘ same as above but voiceless,
    like     hm
    mː hlemmur roommate
    n níu noon
    n̥ hnífur, einn same as above but voiceless,
    like     hn
    nː brenna, þann unknown
    ɲ lengi canyon
    ɲ̊ banki[b] same as above but voiceless,
    like     hny
    ŋ ungs sing
    ŋ̊ þungt, einka-ⓘ[b] same as above but voiceless,
    like     hng
    p bærⓘ, gaupa[b], skafl[a] spy
    pʰ parⓘ[a] pie
    pː kobbi flipbook
    r rósⓘ ring, but trilled
    r̥ Hrólfurⓘ[c] same as above but voiceless,
    like     hr
    rː marra Italian terra
    s sparaⓘ between sip and ship (retracted)
    sː hvassⓘ between this sip and trash ship (retracted)
    t dísⓘ, maturⓘ[b],
    karlⓘ, hællⓘ, einn     		sty
    tʰ taskaⓘ tie
    tː oddur out-do
    θ þauⓘ, maðkurⓘ[b], baðⓘ[c] think
    v völlurⓘ, lofaⓘ[a] very
    x sjúkt, sagt[a], lagⓘ[c] Scottish loch
    xʷ hver[d] why (without the wine–whine merger)
    Vowels[e]
    IPA Examples English approximation
    Monophthongs
    a taskaⓘ art
    aː takaⓘ father
    ɛ stelpaⓘ, erlendur bet
    ɛː stelaⓘ[f] roughly like yes
    i fı́nt, sýndi leaf
    iː Íslandⓘ, hlýt leave
    ɪ milliⓘ, myllaⓘ kit
    ɪː sinⓘ, ryðⓘ kid
    ɔ lognⓘ, traktor hot
    ɔː lofaⓘ[f] roughly like water
    œ börnⓘ nurse
    œː örⓘ, öl[f] German körn ; like fur
    u ungur pull
    uː þúⓘ pool
    ʏ hundurⓘ German Mütter ; like kit with lips rounded
    ʏː flugaⓘ German schön; like kid with lips rounded
    Diphthongs
    ai hællⓘ "Brit" map or "flat" my
    aiː læsaⓘ might
    au skáld a louse
    auː lásⓘ allow
    ei einka-ⓘ "flat" Tuesday
    eiː skeiðⓘ day
    ɔi bogi choice
    ou dóttirⓘ "flat" pottato
    ouː sólⓘ, prófaⓘ goal
    œy laust Scottish or "Canadian" rite
    œyː augaⓘ
    ʏi hugi No clear English equivalent, similar to gooey
    Other symbols
    IPA Explanation
    ˈ◌ primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable, e.g. langur [ˈlauŋkʏr̥])
    ˌ◌ secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable, e.g. afmælisdagur [ˈamailɪsˌtaːɣʏr̥])

    Notes

    1. ^ a b c d e f g h Several sounds may be represented by graphical ⟨f⟩ ⟨p⟩ and ⟨g⟩, which alternate for historical reasons based on phonological environement. Paradigms and derivation may thus seem more opaque, e.g. [sɛijɪ] '(I) say', [saxt] '(was) said', [saɣðɪ] '(I) said', [sakna] '(of) stories' all derived from [sɛija] '(to) say'.
    2. ^ a b c d e f g h Aspirated stops devoice morpheme-preceding consonnants as a form of pre-aspiration but are, in standard varieties, pronounced unaspirated other than word initially. However, preserving them post-aspirated intervocallicaly distinguishes "northerners", compare flauta //ˈflœy.tʰa//, Northernⓘ/ Unmarkedⓘ.
      Some north-easterner may additionally keep mp, nt, nk, lp, lk, ðk post-aspirated, but not rp, rt, rk, lt.
    3. ^ a b c d In connected speech final voiced consonants keep their voicing, even before voiceless sounds. Whilst utterance finally, they are devoiced (exept nasals).
    4. ^ Hver is usually pronounced as if spelled kver. [xʷ] is a part of a dialect from the Southern Region and is rare nowadays. Compare with hvass : [xʷɑ̈s̺ː]ⓘ or [kʰvɑ̈s̺ː]ⓘ
    5. ^ Vowels are usually long if they are stressed and followed by no more than one consonant, double consonants counting as more than one. Vowel length is not phonemic.
    6. ^ a b c Long [ɛː, ɔː, œː] are most typically realized as smooth transitions from [ɪ, ʊ, ʏ] to [ɛː, ɔː, œː]. Thus, they are monophthongs phonologically and diphthongs phonetically (Árnason 2011:60, Gussmann 2011:71, 88).

    Bibliography

    See also

    Credit: Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic

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