Not logged in | Create account | Login
    Menu

      Authorpædia Trademarks

      Social buttons

      Languages

      Read

      AUTHORPÆDIA is hosted by Authorpædia Foundation, Inc. a U.S. non-profit organization.

    Jacob of Serugh

    Comparison of
    programming languages
    Comparison of individual
    languages

    This is a comparison of notable web frameworks, software used to build and deploy web applications. This article focuses on frameworks used for building the backend.

    General

    Basic information about each framework.

    Systems listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.

    ASP.NET

    See also: ASP.NET, ASP.NET Core, and List of CLI languages
    Project Current stable version Release date License
    ASP.NET Dynamic Data
    Base One Foundation Component Library (BFC) 7.51 2018-06-01 Proprietary
    Component-based Scalable Logical Architecture (CSLA) 4.11.2 2019-07-31[1] MIT
    MonoRail 2.1 2011-03-17[2] Apache

    C++

    See also: C++
    Project Current stable version Release date License
    CppCMS 1.2.1 2018-05-18[3] MIT
    Drogon 1.9.5 2024-06-08[4] MIT
    Poco 1.13.3[5] 2024-04-06 Boost Software License
    Wt 4.10.4 2024-03-06[6] GPL, Proprietary

    ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)

    See also: ColdFusion Markup Language and Adobe ColdFusion
    Project Current stable version Release date License
    ColdBox Platform 7.3.0[7] 2024-05-14 Apache v2

    Elixir

    See also: Elixir (programming language)
    Project Current stable version Release date License
    Phoenix 1.7.14[8] Edit this on Wikidata 2024-06-18; 12 months ago MIT License

    Haskell

    See also: Haskell
    Project Current stable version Release date License
    Snap 1.1.3.2[9] 2023-07-19 BSD-3
    Yesod 1.6.24.5[10] Edit this on Wikidata 2023-09-14; 21 months ago MIT License

    Java

    See also: Java (programming language) and Java (software platform)
    Project Current stable version Release date License
    Apache Click 2.3.0 2011-03-27 Apache 2.0
    Apache OFBiz 24.09.01[11] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-03-11; 3 months ago Apache 2.0
    Apache Shale 1.0.4 2007-12-19 Apache
    Apache Sling 12 2022-03-18 Apache 2.0
    Apache Struts 7.0.3[12] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-03-03; 3 months ago Apache 2.0
    Apache Tapestry 5.8.4[13] Edit this on Wikidata 2024-02-06; 16 months ago Apache 2.0
    Apache Wicket 10.5.0[14] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-04; 2 months ago Apache 2.0
    AppFuse 3.5.0 2015-02-20 Apache 2.0
    Eclipse Mojarra (Jakarta Faces RI) 4.1.0[15] Edit this on Wikidata 2024-06-05; 12 months ago CDDL, GNU GPL 2, Apache 2.0
    Eclipse RAP 4.1 2024-12-04 Eclipse
    Grails 6.2.3[16] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-01-03; 5 months ago Apache
    Google Web Toolkit 2.12.2 2025-03-03 Apache 2.0
    JBoss Seam 3.1.0 final 2012-01-13 GNU LGPL
    JWt 4.11.4[17] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-04-03; 2 months ago GPL, Proprietary
    Netty 4.2.2[18] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-06-05; 24 days ago Apache License 2.0
    OpenLaszlo 4.9.0 2010-10-21 CPL
    Oracle ADF 12.2.1.4 2019-10-09 Oracle Technology Network Developer License
    Play 3.0.3[19] Edit this on Wikidata 2024-05-07; 13 months ago Apache 2.0
    Spring 6.2.7[20] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-05-15; 45 days ago Apache 2.0
    Stripes 1.6.0 2015-07-23 Apache
    Vaadin 24.7.0[21] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-03-19; 3 months ago Apache 2.0
    Wavemaker 11.6.0[22] 2024-03-03 Apache
    WebObjects 5.4.3 2008-09-15 Proprietary

    JavaScript

    See also: JavaScript and Comparison of JavaScript-based web frameworks
    Project Current stable version Release date License
    Express.js 5.1.0[23] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-03-31; 2 months ago MIT License
    Fastify 5.4.0[24] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-06-12; 17 days ago MIT License
    Meteor 3.3[25] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-06-17; 12 days ago MIT License
    NestJS 11.1.3[26] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-06-06; 23 days ago MIT License
    Next.js 15.3.3 Edit this on Wikidata 2025-05-30; 30 days ago MIT License
    Nuxt.js 3.17.5[27] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-06-03; 26 days ago MIT License
    Remix 7.1.1[28] Edit this on Wikidata 2024-12-23; 6 months ago MIT License
    Sails.js 1.5.11[29] Edit this on Wikidata 2024-05-24; 13 months ago MIT License
    SvelteKit 1.15.5[30] Edit this on Wikidata 2023-04-13; 2 years ago MIT License

    Perl

    See also: Perl
    Project Current stable version Release date License
    Catalyst 5.90131[31] 2023-07-20 Artistic, GPL
    Dancer 1.1.1 [32] 2024-07-18 Artistic, GPL
    Maypole 2.13 2008-04-18 Artistic, GPL
    Mojolicious 9.37[33] 2024-05-13 Artistic

    PHP

    See also: PHP
    Project Start date Current stable version Release date License
    CakePHP 2005-08 5.2.4[34] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-05-17;43 days ago MIT
    CodeIgniter 2006-02-28 4.6.1[35] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-05-02;58 days ago MIT
    Fat-Free 2009-09 3.9.0[36] 2024-12-29 GPLv3
    FuelPHP 2011-08 1.9.0[37] 2021-12-28 MIT
    Gyroscope 2008-11-20 20.4[38] 2023-11-24 BSD
    Jamroom 2003-07-28 7.0.1[39] 2024-01-01 MPL
    Kajona 2006 6.2[40] 2017-06-08 LGPLv2
    Laminas (formerly Zend Framework) 2006-03 3.8.0[41] 2024-11-21 New BSD
    Laravel 2011-07-31 12.19.3[42] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-06-18; 11 days ago MIT
    Li3 (Lithium) 2009-10 2.0.1[43] 2024-03-218 BSD
    Phalcon 2012-11-14 5.8.0[44] 2024-07-09 BSD
    Pop PHP 2012-03-19 5.5.0[45] 2025-02-12 BSD Licence
    PRADO 2004-01 4.3.1[46] 2025-05-21 New BSD[47]
    SilverStripe 2007-02-03 5.3.0[48] 2024-11-04 BSD
    Smart.Framework 2015-02-01 svn.1925[49] 2024-01-19 BSD
    Symfony 2005-10 7.3.0[50] 2025-05-29[±] MIT
    Yii 2008-12-03 2.0.52[51] 2025-02-13 New BSD

    Python

    See also: Python (programming language) and List of Python software § Web frameworks
    Project Current stable version Release date License
    BlueBream 1.0[52] Edit this on Wikidata 2011-01-18; 14 years ago ZPL
    CherryPy 18.10.0[53] Edit this on Wikidata 2024-06-15; 12 months ago BSD
    CubicWeb 4.8.0[54] Edit this on Wikidata 2024-05-21; 13 months ago LGPL
    Django 5.2.3[55] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-06-10; 19 days ago BSD
    FastAPI 0.115.13[56] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-06-17; 12 days ago MIT
    Flask 3.1.1[57] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-05-13; 47 days ago BSD
    Google App Engine 1.9.91[58] Edit this on Wikidata 2020-05-11; 5 years ago LGPL, Proprietary
    Grok 6.1[59] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-06-10; 19 days ago ZPL
    Gunicorn 23.0.0[60] Edit this on Wikidata 2024-08-10; 10 months ago MIT
    Jam.py 7.0.58[61] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-06-17; 12 days ago BSD
    Pyjs 0.8.1a[62] Edit this on Wikidata 2012-05-09; 13 years ago Apache
    Pylons 1.0.2[63] Edit this on Wikidata 2015-07-22; 9 years ago BSD
    Pyramid 2.0.2[64] Edit this on Wikidata 2023-08-25; 22 months ago BSD
    Tornado 6.5.1[65] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-05-22; 38 days ago Apache
    TurboGears 2.5.0[66] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-02-18; 4 months ago MIT, LGPL
    web2py 2.27.1[67] Edit this on Wikidata 2023-11-16; 19 months ago LGPL3
    Zope 2 5.6.0[68] Edit this on Wikidata 2022-09-09; 2 years ago ZPL

    Ruby

    See also: Ruby (programming language)
    Project Current stable version Release date License
    Padrino 0.14.4 2019-01-14[69] MIT
    Ruby on Rails 8.0.2[70] Edit this on Wikidata 2025-03-12; 3 months ago MIT
    Sinatra 3.0.2[71] Edit this on Wikidata 2022-10-01; 2 years ago MIT

    Scala

    See also: Scala (programming language)
    Project Current stable version Release date License
    Lift 3.4.3 2020-11-28 Apache 2.0
    Play 2.8.8 2021-04-08 Apache 2.0
    Scalatra 2.8.1 2021-09-25 BSD

    Others

    Project Language Current stable version Release date License
    AIDA/Web Smalltalk 6.7 2014-09-14 MIT
    Oracle APEX PL/SQL 22.2 2022-11-10 Proprietary freeware
    Flex ActionScript, MXML 4.16.1 2019-11-23 Apache
    Grails Groovy (JVM) 6.2.2[72] 2024-11-20 Apache
    Morfik C#, BASIC, Pascal, Java 3.0.8.1 2010-12-13 Proprietary freeware
    Opa Opa 1.1.1 2013-04-16[73] MIT and AGPL
    OpenACS Tcl 5.10.1[74] 2024-09-03 GPL
    Seaside Smalltalk 3.5.9[75] 2024-10-20 MIT

    Comparison of features

    C++

    Project Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s)
    CppCMS Yes Yes Push Yes CppDB No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
    Wt Yes Yes Push & Pull Yes Wt::Dbo Boost.test Yes Yes No Yes

    ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)

    Project Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s)
    ColdBox Platform Yes Yes Push-pull Yes Quick & cbORM Yes via TestBox Yes Yes CFML Yes Yes

    Java

    Project Language Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s)
    Apache Click Java jQuery Page oriented Pull Yes Hibernate, Cayenne Yes pluggable Velocity, JSP Cached templates Built-in validation
    Apache OFBiz Java, Groovy, XML, jQuery Yes Push-pull Yes Entity Engine (Internal kind of ORM, not really ORM, notably used by Atlassian Jira) JUnit Entity Engine Tools, Data File Tool, CSV Parser, Apache POI Internal Security framework based on OWASP Freemarker (Recommended), Velocity (Support Available), JSP (Support Available) Internal Cache Maintenance with Distributed Cache Clearing for clusters Server side validation, Client Side Validation (JQuery)
    Apache Sling Java Yes Yes Push-pull Uses JCR content repository Yes Yes Yes
    Apache Struts Java Yes Yes Push-pull Yes Yes Unit tests Yes Yes
    Apache Tapestry Java Prototype, jQuery Yes Pull Yes JPA, Hibernate, Cayenne Selenium, TestNG, JUnit Spring Security, Shiro Yes with extensions Native or Bean Validation
    Apache Wicket Java Extensions for YUI, ExtJS, more No (Modular event-driven) Pull Yes with extensions Mock objects, unit and integration tests via extension Yes Yes Yes Yes
    Grails Groovy Yes Yes Push Yes GORM, Hibernate Unit tests, integration test, functional test multiple plugins: autobase, dbmigrate, more Spring Security,[76] Apache Shiro[77] Yes Yes Yes
    JavaServer Faces Java Yes Yes Pull Yes JPA, Hibernate and any other Java EE ORM framework JUnit Yes Facelets, JSP Yes Native validators, integration with Bean Validation
    Project Language Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s)
    JBoss Seam Java Yes Yes Pull Yes JPA, Hibernate JUnit, TestNG JAAS integration, Drools, Hibernate Filters, OpenID, CAPTCHA Facelets JBoss Cache, Ehcache Hibernate Validator
    JWt Java Yes Yes Push-pull Yes Yes Yes Yes
    Play Java, Scala Yes Yes Push-pull Yes JPA, Hibernate JUnit, Selenium Yes via Core Security module Yes Yes Server-side validation
    Spring Java Yes Yes Push Yes Hibernate, iBatis, more Mock objects, unit tests Spring Security (formerly Acegi) JSP, Commons Tiles, Velocity, Thymeleaf, more Ehcache, more Commons validator, Bean Validation
    Stripes Java Yes Yes Pull Yes JPA, Hibernate Yes framework extension Yes Yes
    Vaadin Java GWT Push-pull Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
    Wavemaker JavaScript (client), Java (server) Dojo Toolkit Yes Push Dojo Toolkit Hibernate JUnit Hibernate Spring Security (formerly Acegi), role-based access control Dojo Toolkit Dojo Toolkit Regular expression, schema-driven validation
    Project Language Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s)
    WebObjects Java Yes Yes Push-pull Yes EOF WOUnit (JUnit), TestNG, Selenium in Project WONDER Yes Yes Yes
    Google Web Toolkit Java, JavaScript Yes Yes JPA with RequestFactory JUnit (too early), jsUnit (too difficult), Selenium (best) via Java Yes Bean Validation
    ZK Java, ZUML jQuery Yes Push-pull Yes any J2EE ORM framework JUnit, ZATS HibernateUtil, SpringUtil Spring Security Macro components & composition Yes client, server

    JavaScript

    Project Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s)
    AngularJS XHR, JSONP Yes i18n and l10n Karma (unit testing), Protractor (end-to-end testing) Content Security Policy (CSP), XSRF Templates Caching Form validation (client-side)
    EmberJS Yes Yes Yes Ember Data QUnit Handlebars
    qooxdoo Yes Data binding i18n Testrunner Form Validation
    SproutCore Yes Yes

    Perl

    Project Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s)
    Catalyst Toolkit-independent (REST & JSON support, specific plugins for Prototype JavaScript Framework, more) Yes Push in its most common usage Yes DBIx::Class, Rose::DB::Object, more Supports Perl testing standards, Test Anything Protocol (TAP) ? ACL-based, external engines, more Template::Toolkit, HTML::Template, HTML::Mason, PHP and any extant Perl template engine Cache, Memcached, shared memory, more HTML::FormHandler HTML::FormFu, HTML::FormValidator, more
    Dancer Yes Yes Push Yes DBIx::Class, ORMesque Yes ? ? Template::Toolkit, HTML::Mason, Text::MicroTemplate, any extant Perl template engine Cache, Memcached, shared memory, more DataFu, any extant Perl form validation software
    Maypole ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
    Mojolicious Toolkit-independent (REST & JSON support) No explicit model support though commonly used as MVC Push Yes Commonly used with DBIx::Class Test::Mojo ? Signed session cookie Built-in Perl templating, Template::Toolkit and several others via plugins ? Not explicitly, use any Perl Modules

    PHP

    Project PHP version Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s) Scaffolding RAD Mobility
    CakePHP ≥ 7.4[78] Any Yes Yes, Push & Cells Yes ORM, Data Mapper Pattern, SQL Relational Algebra Abstraction Layer Unit tests, object mocking, fixtures, code coverage, memory analysis with PHPUnit and Xdebug and Continuous Integration via Travis Yes CRUD based, ACL-based, Multiple Plugins Themes, Layouts, Cells, Views, Elements, Plugins for Twig, Bootstrap, etc. Memcache, Redis, XCache, APC, File Validation via Contexts (Table (DAO), Entity (VO) & Controller), CSRF Protection Plugin CRUD Cake Bake Mobile Agent Detection, Layouts
    CodeIgniter ≥ 8.1[79] Any Yes Push Mostly[80] Third party only Ready for next release, Unit tests for v.4 and up Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No[81] Yes Templates
    Fat-Free Framework ≥ 5.4[82] Any MVC, RMR Push-pull Yes Data mappers for SQL, MongoDB, Flat-File Built-in Yes Yes Yes APC, Memcache, XCache, WinCache, and Filesystem Yes No ? ?
    FuelPHP ≥ 5.3.3[83] Yes MVC, HMVC Push Yes Yes PHPUnit Yes Yes, Plugins available Yes, Plugins available File, Redis, Memcache, more Yes Yes ? ?
    Gyroscope ≥ 5.4 nano.js, replaceable[84] LCHH Push-pull Mostly Data-source agnostic No Built-in Schema comparison tool and UDF editor ACL-based, replaceable Implementation-specific; helper functions and theme templates available APC, Memcache Yes Interactive code generator Yes Dedicated mobile and tablet layouts, landscape-portrait transformation
    Kajona ≥ 7[85] Any Yes Push Yes Yes PHPUnit, Selenium, Jasmine Yes Yes Yes APC, Database, File Yes Yes Yes Bootstrap
    Laminas (formerly Zend Framework) ≥ 7.3[86] Toolkit-independent Yes Push-pull Yes Table and row data gateway or Doctrine Unit tests, PHP Unit or other independent Yes ACL-based Yes APC, Database, File, Memcache, Zend Platform Yes Yes ? ?
    Laravel ≥ 8.0[87] Any Yes Push Yes Eloquent PHPUnit Yes Yes Yes APC, Database, File, Memcache, Redis Yes Yes Yes Yes
    Li3 (Lithium) ≥ 5.3.6 Any Yes Push Yes Yes Unit tests, builtin test framework or other independent No Yes, Plugins available PHP, Twig Plugin available Memcache, Redis, XCache, APC, File Yes, with CSRF Protection and Form Signing No Yes ?
    Phalcon ≥ 8.0[88] Any Yes Push Yes Yes Codeception PHPUnit Yes Yes Volt, PHP APC, Memcache, Memory, Redis, Redis Cluster, File Yes Yes Yes ?
    Pop PHP ≥ 8.2 Any Yes Push Yes Yes PHPUnit with CI via GitHub Actions Yes ACL-based Yes APC, Database, File, Memcache, Redis, Session Yes Yes Yes ?
    PRADO ≥ 7.3[89] Prototype, script.aculo.us, own components[90] No Push-pull Yes Data access objects (DAO), active record pattern, SQLMap data mapper PHPUnit, SimpleTest, Selenium No Yes XML-based, similar to ASP.NETs[90] APC, Database, eAccelerator, Memcached, XCache Yes[90] Yes[90] ? ?
    SilverStripe (Sapphire) ≥ 7.1[91] jQuery, jQuery UI Yes Push-pull Yes Active record pattern Unit tests, Selenium Automatic incl. OpenID Themes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
    Silex ≥ 5.3.9 Yes Yes Yes Yes Plugin exists (Doctrine) Yes No Yes PHP, Twig Plugin exists Yes Plugin exists ? ?
    Smart.Framework ≥ 7.3[92] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, MongoDB, Solr, others via plugins) Yes No Yes Yes (Markers, Twig, others via plugins) Yes (File, Redis, others via plugins) Yes No Yes Yes, (jQuery mobile, Bootstrap, others via plugins)
    Symfony ≥ 8.1[93] Prototype, script.aculo.us, Unobtrusive Ajax with UJS and PJS plugins Yes Push Yes Propel, Doctrine (YAML) Yes Plugin exists (alpha code) Plugin PHP, Twig Yes Yes Yes ? ?
    TYPO3 ≥ 7.2[94] Any Yes Push-pull Yes Yes Yes Partial Yes TYPO3 Fluid Yes Yes Plugin exists Plugin exists ?
    Yii ≥ 5.4[95] jQuery, jQuery UI, own components, plugins Yes Push-pull Yes Data Access Objects (DAO), Active Record Pattern, Plugins (incl. Doctrine 2.0) PHPUnit, Selenium Yes ACL-based, RBAC-based, plugins PHP-based, PRADO-like, plugins APC, Database, eAccelerator, File, Memcache, Redis, WinCache, XCache, Zend Platform Yes Yes[96] ? ?

    Python

    Project Language Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s) Python 3.*
    CherryPy Python — — — — pluggable — — — pluggable — — Yes
    Django Python Yes Yes Push Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes built-in, Jinja2, Mako, Cheetah Yes Yes Yes
    FastAPI Python Yes — — — ORM-agnostic via pytest depends on ORM Yes Jinja2 — Yes Yes
    Flask Python Yes — — Yes ORM-agnostic via unittest depends on ORM Yes Jinja2 Yes Yes Yes
    Jam.py Python, JavaScript Yes Event driven Yes Yes Yes via pytest and mocha Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
    Pyjs Python, JavaScript Yes Use PureMVC Python version (compiled to JavaScript) Yes ??, no direct data access No No
    Pylons Python helpers for Prototype and script.aculo.us controller Push Yes ORM-agnostic via nose depends on ORM pluggable: Mako, Genshi, Myghty, Kid, more native: pluggable: Redis, Beaker (memory, memcached, file, databases) preferred formencode No
    Pyramid Python Yes Yes Push Yes ORM-agnostic Yes depends on ORM Yes pluggable: Jinja2, Chameleon, Mako, Genshi, more default: native session factory. pluggable: Redis, PyNaCl, Beaker (memory, memcached, file, databases), more deform, formencode, WTForms, more Yes
    TACTIC Python Yes Yes Pull No Yes Yes Yes Yes Mako No Yes No
    Tornado Python See Advanced Async Example implements AJAX — — — — — — — — — — Yes
    TurboGears Python Toolkit-independent, provides support via JSON Full stack, best-of-breed based Push Yes SQLAlchemy nose SQLAlchemy-Migrate Repoze.what & Repoze.who pluggable: Genshi, more Support for memcached, and any WSGI compliant system ToscaWidgets, utilizing FormEncode Yes
    web2py Python Yes Yes Push Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[97]
    BlueBream (Zope 3) Python via add-on products, e.g. Plone w/KSS Yes Pull Yes ZODB, SQLObject, SQLAlchemy Unit tests, functional tests ZODB generations ACL-based Yes Yes Yes No
    Zope 2 Python Yes Pull Yes ZODB, SQLObject, SQLAlchemy Unit tests ACL-based Yes Yes CMFFormController No

    Ruby

    Project Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s)
    Ruby on Rails Prototype, script.aculo.us, jQuery ActiveRecord, Action Pack Push Yes ActiveRecord Unit Tests, Functional Tests and Integration Tests Yes Plug-in Yes Yes Yes
    Sinatra No Yes Push No ORM-independent rack-test Yes through Rack middleware Yes through Rack middleware No

    Others

    Project Language Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s)
    AIDA/Web Smalltalk Yes Yes Yes Gemstone/S, GLORP, more SUnit Yes Yes
    Application Express PL/SQL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
    Flex ActionScript, MXML Not by name but similar technology[98] FlexUnit
    Lift Scala Yes Yes Pull Yes Yes ScalaTest, Selenium[99] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
    Opa Opa Yes Yes MongoDB Yes Yes Yes
    OpenACS Tcl Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
    Seaside Smalltalk jQuery, jQuery UI, Prototype JavaScript Framework, script.aculo.us, more Yes Yes GLORP, Gemstone/S, more Unit tests, SUnit No, intentionally Magritte
    Project Language Ajax MVC framework MVC push-pull i18n & L10n? ORM Testing framework(s) DB migration framework(s) Security framework(s) Template framework(s) Caching framework(s) Form validation framework(s)

    See also

    Lists of frameworks for frontend development:

    Other:

    References

    1. ^ "Version 4.11.2". Github. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
    2. ^ "Download - Castle Project". castleproject.org. Archived from the original on 2017-06-07. Retrieved 2015-01-02.
    3. ^ "CppCMS Blog". Blog.cppcms.com. Archived from the original on 2013-08-03. Retrieved 2023-11-04.
    4. ^ "drogonframework/drogon". GitHub. Retrieved 2024-07-10.
    5. ^ "Releases - pocoproject/poco". Retrieved 2024-07-10.
    6. ^ "Wt: Release notes". www.webtoolkit.eu. Archived from the original on 2017-08-06. Retrieved 2024-07-10.
    7. ^ "ColdBox Platform Versions". forgebox.io. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
    8. ^ "phoenixframework/phoenix".
    9. ^ "snapframework/snap". github.com.
    10. ^ "yesodweb/yesod".
    11. ^ "Release 24.09.01". 11 March 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
    12. ^ "Release 7.0.3". 3 March 2025.
    13. ^ "Download".
    14. ^ https://github.com/apache/wicket/blob/master/CHANGELOG-10.x. Retrieved 7 May 2025. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
    15. ^ "Release 4.1.0". 5 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
    16. ^ "Release 6.2.3". 3 January 2025. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
    17. ^ "Release 4.11.4". 3 April 2025. Retrieved 24 April 2025.
    18. ^ "Release 4.2.2". 5 June 2025. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
    19. ^ "Release 3.0.3". 7 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
    20. ^ "v6.2.7". 15 May 2025.
    21. ^ "vaadin/framework/releases".
    22. ^ "WaveMaker 11.6.0 - Release date: 03 March 2024 | WaveMaker Docs". www.wavemaker.com. 2024-03-04. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
    23. ^ "Release 5.1.0". 31 March 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
    24. ^ "Release 5.4.0". 12 June 2025. Retrieved 19 June 2025.
    25. ^ https://forums.meteor.com/t/faster-builds-in-meteor-3-3-modern-build-stack-with-swc-and-bundler-optimizations/63697. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
    26. ^ "Release 11.1.3". 6 June 2025. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
    27. ^ "Release 3.17.5". 3 June 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
    28. ^ https://reactrouter.com/start/changelog. Retrieved 25 December 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
    29. ^ "Release 1.5.11". 24 May 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
    30. ^ "@sveltejs/kitTypeScript icon, indicating that this package has built-in type declarations1.15.5". npmjs. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
    31. ^ "Catalyst-Runtime". metacpan.org. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
    32. ^ "Dancer2 Releases". perldancer.org. Retrieved 2024-08-15.
    33. ^ "Mojolicious-9.30". Retrieved 2024-08-15 – via MetaCPAN.
    34. ^ "Release 5.2.4". 17 May 2025. Retrieved 25 May 2025.
    35. ^ "CodeIgniter 4.6.1".
    36. ^ "fatfree/lib/CHANGELOG.md". github.com. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
    37. ^ "Releases - fuel/core". github.com. Retrieved 2022-04-14.
    38. ^ "Antradar Downloads". antradar.com. 2023-11-24. Archived from the original on 2023-11-29. Retrieved 2023-12-24.
    39. ^ "Softaculous". www.softaculous.com. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
    40. ^ "Releases". github.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
    41. ^ "Release 3.8.0 · laminas/laminas-mvc". GitHub. Retrieved 2025-06-19.
    42. ^ "Release 12.19.3". 18 June 2025. Retrieved 22 June 2025.
    43. ^ "Releases - UnionOfRAD/lithium". github.com. Retrieved 19 June 2025.
    44. ^ "phalcon/cphalcon". github.com. Retrieved 2024-07-09.
    45. ^ "Releases - popphp/popphp-framework". github.com. 2019-10-17. Archived from the original on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2019-05-30.
    46. ^ "PRADO PHP Framework". pradoframework.net. Retrieved 19 June 2025.
    47. ^ "License of PRADO". pradosoft.com. 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
    48. ^ "Stable Download". silverstripe.org. Retrieved 2024-11-21.
    49. ^ "unix-world / Smart.Framework". github.com. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
    50. ^ Potencier, Fabien (2025-05-29). "Symfony 7.3.0 released". Blog. symfony.com. Retrieved 2025-06-17.
    51. ^ "Yii 2.0.52". yiiframework.com. Retrieved 2025-02-23.
    52. ^ "bluebream 1.0". 18 January 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
    53. ^ "Release v18.10.0". 15 June 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
    54. ^ "Release 4.8.0".
    55. ^ "Release 5.2.3". 10 June 2025. Retrieved 16 June 2025.
    56. ^ "Release 0.115.13". 17 June 2025. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
    57. ^ "Release 3.1.1". 13 May 2025. Retrieved 25 May 2025.
    58. ^ "Python 2.7 release notes". Retrieved 18 December 2020.
    59. ^ "Release 6.1". 10 June 2025. Retrieved 16 June 2025.
    60. ^ "Release 23.0.0". 10 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
    61. ^ "Release 7.0.58". 17 June 2025. Retrieved 18 June 2025.
    62. ^ "Release 0.8.1a". 9 May 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
    63. ^ "Release 1.0.2". 22 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
    64. ^ "Release 2.0.2". 25 August 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
    65. ^ "Release 6.5.1". 22 May 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
    66. ^ "Release 2.5.0". 18 February 2025. Retrieved 1 March 2025.
    67. ^ "web2py Web Framework".
    68. ^ "Change log". 9 September 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
    69. ^ "Padrino 0.14.4 release". Padrino. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
    70. ^ "Release 8.0.2". 12 March 2025. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
    71. ^ https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/tags. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
    72. ^ "Introducing Grails Framework 6.2.2 Release". grails.org. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
    73. ^ "The Opa Blog: Some great news on Opa". Blog.opalang.org. Archived from the original on 2013-02-28. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
    74. ^ "OpenACS Home". openacs.org. Archived from the original on 2024-12-18. Retrieved 2024-12-30.
    75. ^ "Releases · SeasideSt/Seaside · GitHub". GitHub. 25 October 2024. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
    76. ^ "Grails Plugin: Spring Security Core Plugin". Grails.org. 2012-04-06. Archived from the original on 2013-08-23. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
    77. ^ "Grails Plugin: Apache Shiro Integration for Grails". Grails.org. 2012-04-11. Archived from the original on 2013-08-23. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
    78. ^ "Installation - 4.x". book.cakephp.org. Archived from the original on 2025-01-20. Retrieved 2025-02-23.
    79. ^ "Server Requirements — CodeIgniter 4 documentation". codeigniter.com. Retrieved 2025-02-23.
    80. ^ "Language helper included, must activate & set desired language by parsing HTTP headers". Codeigniter.com. Archived from the original on 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
    81. ^ "Change Log : CodeIgniter User Guide". EllisLab, Inc. Archived from the original on 15 May 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
    82. ^ "Getting Started - Fat-Free Framework for PHP". fatfreeframework.com. Archived from the original on 2025-02-23. Retrieved 2025-02-23.
    83. ^ "Requirements - FuelPHP Documentation". fuelphp.com. Archived from the original on 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
    84. ^ "Replacing nano.js in Gyroscope". antradar.com. 2014-05-20. Archived from the original on 2016-09-28. Retrieved 2015-08-20.
    85. ^ "Kajona 6.2 shifts the focus to PHP 7". www.kajona.de. Archived from the original on 2020-01-18. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
    86. ^ "Zend/Laminas Drops PHP support prior to 7.3". GitHub. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
    87. ^ "Laravel - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans". laravel.com. Archived from the original on 2021-02-07. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
    88. ^ "Phalcon v5.8 supports only PHP 8.0 and above".
    89. ^ "PRADO PHP Framework". www.pradoframework.net. Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
    90. ^ a b c d "PRADO QuickStart Tutorial". Pradosoft.com. Archived from the original on 2013-09-28. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
    91. ^ "Server Requirements". docs.silverstripe.org. Archived from the original on 2022-12-21. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
    92. ^ "Smart.Framework: a practical, modern and high performance PHP / JavaScript Framework for Web featuring Middlewares + MVC". GitHub. 2022-01-07. Archived from the original on 2022-04-23. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
    93. ^ "Installing & Setting up the Symfony Framework (Symfony Docs)". symfony.com. Archived from the original on 2022-09-25. Retrieved 2022-09-25.
    94. ^ "Download TYPO3 - get.typo3.org". get.typo3.org. Archived from the original on 2019-01-28. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
    95. ^ "Getting Started: Installing Yii". Yii Framework. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
    96. ^ "Initial Prototyping: Scaffolding | Building a Blog System Using Yii | Yii PHP Framework". Yiiframework.com. Archived from the original on 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
    97. ^ "invalid function (default/images)". Web2py.com. Archived from the original on 2019-03-28. Retrieved 2019-03-21.
    98. ^ "URLRequest - Adobe ActionScript 3 (AS3 ) API Reference". Livedocs.adobe.com. 2013-07-01. Archived from the original on 2009-02-12. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
    99. ^ "ScalaTest". ScalaTest. Archived from the original on 2013-11-05. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
    Credit: Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_server-side_web_frameworks

    Explore other authors