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Ehsan Danish
| Hekou Group | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Early Cretaceous,[1] | |
| Type | Geologic group |
| Sub-units | Huazhuang Formation, Hongkoucheng Formation, Yanguoxia Formation, Zhujiatai Formation |
| Underlies | Unconformity: Minhe Formation |
| Overlies | Unconformity: Xiangtang Formation |
| Thickness | 3,700 m (12,100 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 35°54′N 103°18′E / 35.9°N 103.3°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 34°48′N 103°06′E / 34.8°N 103.1°E |
| Region | Gansu |
| Country |  China |
| Extent | Longzhong Basin |
  Hekou Group (China)  Hekou Group (Gansu) | |
The Hekou Group is a geological group in Gansu Province, China. It is Early Cretaceous in age. Many dinosaur fossils have been recovered from the Hekou Group, including iguanodonts, large sauropods, and armored dinosaurs. Fossil eggs are rare, but one oogenus, Polyclonoolithus, was discovered in the Hekou Group.[2] Extensive fossil tracks belonging to pterosaurs and dinosaurs have also been described.[3][4] The group spans the Valanginian to Albian and can be subdivided into four formations.[1]
Fossil content
Color key
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Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Dinosaurs
Ornithopods
| Ornithopods of the Hekou Group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Lanzhousaurus[5] | L. magnidens | A partial skeleton including the mandible, maxillary teeth, dentary teeth, cervical and dorsal vertebrae, sternal plates, ribs, and pubes | A large styracosternan iguanodontian |  | ||
Sauropods
| Sauropods of the Hekou Group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Daxiatitan[6] | D. binglingi | A partial skeleton including cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae, ribs, and a haemal arch, scapulocoracoid, and femur | A titanosaurian sauropod |  | ||
| Huanghetitan[7] | H. liujiaxiaensis | A partial skeleton including caudal vertebrae, a partial sacrum and ribs, and the left shoulder girdle | A somphospondylian sauropod |  | ||
| Yongjinglong[8] | Y. datangi | A partial skeleton including teeth, cervical and dorsal vertebrae, a rib, the left scapulocoracoid, and the right ulna and radius | A euhelopodid somphospondylian |  | ||
Thyreophorans
| Thyreophorans of the Hekou Group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Stegosaurus[9] | S. sp | A partial skeleton including cervical and dorsal vertebrae, ribs, a right forelimb (including a partial humerus, ulna, and radius), and one dermal plate | A stegosaurine stegosaurid distinct from Wuerhosaurus and Stegosaurus stenops. Likely contemporary with Taohelong. | |||
| Taohelong[10] | T. jinchengensis | A partial skeleton including ribs, a left ilium, a caudal vertebra, and part of the sacral shield | A polacanthine nodosaurid | |||
Fish
Ray-finned Fish
| Ray-finned Fish of the Helou Group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
| Sinamia[11] | S. lanshoensis | Many well-preserved specimens as part and counterpart fossils | A sinamiid amiiform | |||
References
- ^ a b Xi, D.; Wan, X.; Li, G.; Li, G. (2018). "Cretaceous integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China". Science China Earth Sciences. 61: 1–31. doi:10.1007/s11430-017-9262-y.
- ^ Xie, J.-F., Zhang, S.-K., Jin, X.-S., Li, D.-Q., and Zhou, L.-Q. (2016) "A new type of dinosaur eggs from Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, China. Archived 2016-01-29 at the Wayback Machine" Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 54(1):1-10.
- ^ Lockley, M.; Harris, J.D.; and Mitchell, L. 2008. "A global overview of pterosaur ichnology: tracksite distribution in space and time." Zitteliana. B28. p. 187-198. ISSN 1612-4138.
- ^ Li, Dawing; Azuma, Yoichi; Fujita, Masato; Lee, Yuong-Nam; Arakawa, Yohei (2006). "A preliminary report on two new vertebrae track sites including dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Hekou Group, Gansu Province, china". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 22 (1): 29–49.
- ^ You, Hailu; Ji, Qiang; Li, Daqing (2005). "Lanzhousaurus magnidens gen. et sp. nov. from Gansu Province, China: the largest-toothed herbivorous dinosaur in the world" [中国甘肃发现世界上最大牙齿的植食性恐龙：巨齿兰州龙(新属、新种)]. Geological Bulletin of China. 24 (9): 785–794. ISSN 1671-2552.
- ^ You, H.-L.; Li, D.-Q.; Zhou, L.-Q.; Ji, Q (2008). "Daxiatitan binglingi: a giant sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China". Gansu Geology. 17 (4): 1–10.
- ^ You, H.; Li, D.; Zhou, L.; Ji, Q. (2006). "Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis. a New Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group of Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province, China". Geological Review. 52 (5): 668–674.
- ^ Li-Guo Li; Da-Qing Li; Hai-Lu You; Peter Dodson (2014). "A New Titanosaurian Sauropod from the Hekou Group (Lower Cretaceous) of the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin, Gansu Province, China". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e85979. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...985979L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085979. PMC 3906019. PMID 24489684.
- ^ Li, Ning; Li, Daqing; Peng, Guangzhao; You, Hailu (2024). "The first stegosaurian dinosaur from Gansu Province, China". Cretaceous Research. 158 (in press). 105852. Bibcode:2024CrRes.15805852L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105852.
- ^ Yang J.-T.; You H.-L.; Li D.-Q.; Kong D.-L. (2013). "First discovery of polacanthine ankylosaur dinosaur in Asia" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese and English). 51 (4): 265–277.
- ^ Peng, Cuo; Murray, Alison M.; Brinkman, Donald B.; Zhang, Jiang-Yong; You, Hai-Lu (2015-03-04). "A new species of Sinamia (Amiiformes, Sinamiidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Lanzhou Basin, Gansu, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (2): e902847. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E2847P. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.902847. ISSN 0272-4634.